Counseling an Addict

Counseling an Addict Introduction Treatment of substance abuse is a complex process that involves research and proper knowledge of the subject or victim of drug abuse. Reflectively, the process is intrinsic of background research, establishing current dynamics, and designing the right treatment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling an Addict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly explore on the importance of examining family history in prescribing treatment for substance addiction. Besides, the paper explores the effects of addiction on development of children. In addition, the treatise offers a comparison between the behavior of ‘a child of an addict’ and ‘an adult child of an addict’ in order to establish appropriate approaches for offering counseling for each of these cases. Importance of Family History/Dynamics in Treatment of an Addiction Human beings fu nction on thoughts, behavior, and feelings which are part of the building blocks of a family. Every substance addict belongs to a family. In order to offer a comprehensive family therapy treatment of a substance addict, it is important to establish the state and history of the family, so validate the possible effects of disorders such as social stigma, parent neglect, and general misunderstandings which push a member to resort to substance abuse. For instance, domineering mothers or despondent guardian are likely to create an environment of anxiety and low self esteem among their children and eventually dispose them to substance abuse. Besides, a long history of overindulgence in alcoholism, crime, and aggressiveness in parents is likely to motivate low tolerance to distracters and frustrations among children.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the children may be come poor in stress management, communication, and easily influenced by peers into substance abuse (American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress 2010). When this is unchecked, addiction may take control of the life of such an individual. Family dynamics are critical in understanding the origin and persistence of an addiction to substance such as alcohol and other drugs. Thus, understanding these dynamics may facilitate prescription of the right treatment for an addiction within the most appropriate method. For instance, in a family that is a victim of alcohol addiction, issues such as lack of support from either of the partners and personality variances are mostly blamed for the addiction (Craig 2004). In most instances, a father addicted to alcohol blames the nagging or abusive nature of the wife as the sole instigator of his addiction. On the other hand, the wife would portion blame to irresponsibility, insensitivity, lack of support, and indecisiveness. As opined by Savage and White (2001), â€Å"neurotic, sexually repressed, dependent, man-hating, domineering, mothering, guilty and masochistic, and/or hostile and nagging† (2001) partner would likely influence an addiction as a coping strategy. Thus, by offering treatment that incorporate counseling of such a family will facilitate quick recovery. Before administering a treatment, the counselor will have a clear picture of the situation rather than making assumptions that may not hold (American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress 2010). Understanding these psychopathologies of a family may facilitate establishment of the reasons for certain behavior of an addict in order to design a well research treatment that not only help the addict but also offer coping strategies for the affected family (Craig 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling an Addict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How an Addiction Interrupts Developmen t of Children Child development depends on several factors. These factors include love, caring, provision of basic needs, and security. Reflectively, an addiction of a parent or guardian is likely to put children at a glaring risk of total behavioral, emotional, mental, and social development of child physical and psychological aspects of growth (American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress 2010). More often, these children are exposed to physical violence and they witness abuse of a spouse which expose then to trauma. Thus, â€Å"despite the fact that friends can be a buffer for the problems at home, some COAs/COSAs have a limited social life. They may avoid bringing home friends, or going out in public with their parents. They may even shy away from making friends, because they lack basic social skills or out of a profound fear that someone will find out the truth† (American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, 2010, par. 6). Children exposed to an addicted parent, gu ardian, or relative are likely to become victims of sexual abuse and may be obliged to coping strategies such as fear, lack of confidence, and trauma that have negative effects on their growth. Moreover, most of these children are vulnerable to depression, eating disorders, and even unending anxiety that is associated with â€Å"advanced opposition defiant disorder (ODD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)† (American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress 2010, par. 9) which is associated with poor physical and psychological development of children. Comparison Between â€Å"A Child of an Addict† and â€Å"An Adult Child of an Addict† There are similarities and differences in response to an addiction for a child of an addict and an adult child of an addict as indicated below.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Child of an addict Adult child of an Addict Poor physical health Poor physical and psychological health Always anxious, indifferent and weak Traumatized, fearful and irresponsive among peers Depression and eating disorders that may lead to allergies and other dietary complications Violent and often have series of unbecoming behaviors such as rudeness, un-accommodative, and dismissive Prone to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in classroom and other social places (ICF International 2009) Prone to advanced opposition defiant disorder (ODD) characterized by rebellion without justifiable reasons Very secretive and constant low mood due to fear of rejection in self expression Have a lot of hatred and seclusion in intellectual discourse due to fear of having a divergent opinion from peers (ICF International 2009) Approaches of Working with these Children Child of an addict Adult child of an Addict Offering incentives such as rewards and constant motivati on to the child in all activities to restore confidence in the child (ICF International 2009) Offering guidance on technical activities and initiating discussions with the aim of sharing with other children on challenges that face them in their families Offering activities and lessons that aim to restore confidence in the child, and offering protection in addition to listening to his or her demands and problems Registering the child to anger, stress, anxiety management classes or any other necessary that aim at internalizing coping strategies Offering constant parental care that the child may be lacking Offering psychological support through initiating interesting topics that relaxes the mind of such a child (ICF International 2009) The Poor Child Case Study This family is faced with the issue of alcoholism. Josh and the mother have to live with depression due to alcoholism. Despite being successful, the father is a non-supportive alcoholic person. The risk factors Josh face include threat of psychological torture, broken communication and possible neglect by the father. If Josh’s mother approaches me for a therapy, I will subject her to proactive counseling. If I am approached to help Josh, I will endeavor to offer him learning and coping skills that are geared towards improving self esteem. In order to change the dynamics of this family, I will apply collective counseling since alcoholism strains is affecting the whole family. References American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. (2010). Effects of Parental Substance Abuse on Children and Families. Web. Craig, R. (2004). Counseling the Alcohol and Drug Dependent Client: A Practical Approach. New York: Prentice Hall. ICF International. (2009). Protecting Children in Families Affected by Substance Use Disorders. Web. White, W., Savage, B. (2001). All in the Family: Addiction, Recovery, and Advocacy. Web.

Mental HEALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mental HEALTH - Essay Example Case Facts Toni is a 22 year old student who completed secondary school successfully and moved to a university in a suburban community. In the final year of the course, Toni began to complain to his course tutor that the course was becoming stressful. Her performance fell and she cut down on the hours she used to spend studying. At home, Toni became more reclusive and she began to miss lectures and spend long hours in isolation. She refused to leave her bedroom and began to express paranoid delusions about things that are non-existent. She began to complain about how terrible life was and began to argue for a life outside the normal. Toni became less concerned about what she ate and she seem to be going through serious anorexia. She took up strange practices and has said she is not interested in living in a modern setting anymore. She has began advocating for strange beliefs and teachings and in one of her conversations with a group of friends she expressed interest in the Afterlife and how she longed to get into that arena. Toni's mother recently saw that she had visited a suicide forum on her computer and she also saw a note which she suspected to be a suicide note. Framework of Treatment â€Å"Mental health is the adjustment of human beings to each other and the world around them with a maximum effectiveness and happiness† (Basavanthappa, 2007). ... There are several policies in the UK that supports mental health and a healthy emotional and mental life for all. The Human Rights Act of the UK which came to force in 1998 provides rights for all people. These rights cover the right to life and the right to important privileges in different elements of social life. Also, the Department of Social Security came up with the Opportunities for All in 1999. This programme guaranteed rights for all members of the society including people with disabilities like mental challenges. It sought to eliminate discrimination and encourage a better life for all these different people in society. According to the New Horizons Strategy of the UK government, the following pointers and indicators mark the wider framework of mental health in the UK and is to be worked at by the year 2020. The first point is to improve the mental health of everyone in Britain. This end is to be attained by eliminating discrimination, promoting early diagnosis and treatmen t as well as the provision of specific treatments for individual cases. The 2020 framework of the UK also focuses on stakeholders and supporting them to attain the best results in mental health. Also, the framework seeks to promote accessibility of mental healthcare (Department of Health, 2009). Although this policy is not in operation, it is being developed and targets are being pursued by the various stakeholders. In most cases, mental health cases are initiated by a third party who notices that the patient has issues (Cohen, 2011). This is because most patients with mental health problems fail to realise the severity of their problems whilst others totally deny it. There is a major debate between cognitive behavioural therapy and how it should be done. This conflict

Compare and contrast the fixed and flexible budgets Assignment

Compare and contrast the fixed and flexible budgets - Assignment Example However, in unstable business scenario, flexible budget is always more relevant as it helps the business to effectively manage possible changes in the business environment, which would be hazardous if not well managed. Therefore, budget managers are usually faced with the task of adopting the right type of budget for their organisations depending on business situation. This paper explores fixed and flexible budgets, their differences, preparation procedures and functions. A fixed budget (static budget), is a type of budget that remains unchanged over the budget period regardless of changes in the level of activity of the organisation. A fixed budget is â€Å"prepared of for one level of activity for a definite time period† (Dutta 2004 p. 25). On the contrary, a flexible budget is a budget which is designed to change with changes in activity level. It is also referred to as variable budget because it takes into account cost behaviour, such as fixed and variable costs, in connection with changes in output level or turnover (Weygandt, Kieso & Kimmel 2010). A fixed budget remains constant relative to the variation in the actual level of activity attained. This makes it inflexible. On the other hand, a flexible budget changes with the variation in the level of actual activity, which makes it flexible (Tulsian & Tulsian 2005). A fixed budget is developed based on one level of activity and relies on the assumption that no change will occur in the prevailing circumstances, which is impractical. On the other hand, a flexible budget is based on various levels of activity (Weygandt, Kieso & Kimmel 2010). In a fixed budget, all costs are related to a single level of activity. As such, variance analysis fails to provide valuable information about cost differences. On contrary, flexible budget analyses each cost on the ground of cost behaviour and thus gives important information about cost variances (Tulsian & Tulsian 2005). Under fixed budgets, the comparison of

Revenue Generation in Local Government Councils in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Revenue Generation in Local Government Councils in Nigeria Essay Local governments are potentially very important for Nigeria as they play a significant role in generating revenue and encouraging civil involvement, as well as creating a visible link between taxes and service delivery. The increasing cost of running government coupled with dwindling revenue has left various local governments in Nigeria with formulating strategies to improve the revenue base. Despite the numerous sources of revenue available to the various tiers of government as specified in the Nigeria 1999 constitution, since the 1970s till now, over 80% of the annual revenue of the three tiers of government comes from petroleum. However, the serious decline in the price of oil in recent years has led to a decrease in the funds available for distribution to the states and local governments. The need for state and local governments to generate adequate revenue from internal sources has therefore become a matter of extreme urgency and importance. The need underscores the eagerness on the part of state and local governments and even the federal government to look for new sources of revenue or to become aggressive and innovative in the mode of collecting revenue from existing sources. The general concern over the seemingly slow development of the rural areas in Nigeria has created a doubt as to the relevance of local governments in Nigeria whose primary function was to effect a representative government faster to all areas of the state land. Inadequacy of funds for various developmental projects stands as the cause for these shortcomings despite the increasing revenue allocation from the Federation accounts to the local governments. Hence the reason for the various avenues granted the local governments to generate revenues themselves. This essay is being carried out to appraise and evaluate revenue generation in the local governments, particularly the internally generated revenue (IGR) to point out its adequacies, inadequacies and give recommendations where necessary. It study seeks to:- * Identify the various sources of internal revenue available to local government council; * To examine the prospect of improving the internally generated revenue of local government council; * Spotting of factors militating against effective revenue collection in the local government; and * Proffer solution to identified problems. Good governance is good money. Revenue generation can play a significant role in improving local government efficiency and reducing local government dependency. This essay would provide positive suggestion on how to improve the financial position of the local government councils. Secondly, it will provide useful suggestions on how to effectively manage problems of revenue generation. Thirdly, it will provide useful suggestions on the budgetary control system the council can embark upon. Lastly, this work will help researchers, individuals, organizations, higher levels of government and also local government councils on how to enable them meet their obligations. The theory of public finance is a field of economics that is concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities, and with the administration and design of those activities. The proper role of government provides a starting point for the analysis of public finance. In this view, public sector programs should be designed to maximise social benefits minus costs, then revenues needed to pay for those expenditures should be raised through a taxation system that creates the fewest efficiency losses caused by distortion of economic activity as possible. In the light of the above, the focus of this essay is on revenue generation in local government councils with particular reference to Ikenne local government, Ikenne. This work will embrace an examination of the internal and statutory source to the total revenue. This work was intended to cover all the twenty (20) local government in Ogun State, but because of limited time frame and the unavailability of some records due to negl igence on the side of the staff, the focus will be on Ikenne Local Government only. This work will begin with the intention of developing an initial understanding of the opportunities and potential for revenue generation. To do this, the revenue generation constraints faced by local governments, perceptions of local governments, the importance of revenue, various revenue generation and service delivery will be appraised. This study will attract data from both primary and secondary sources. The data from primary sources will include those obtained from personal interviews. Secondary data would be obtained from budget speeches of council chairman, existing records in the council, journals, and CBN annual financial publications.

Essay on A Woman Bound by Society in Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums

A Woman Bound by Society in John Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When John Steinbeck's short story "The Chrysanthemums" first appeared in the October 1937 edition of Harper's Magazine (Osborne 479), Franklin D. Roosevelt had just been reelected president. The country was recovering from the Great Depression, unions were developing, and child labor in manufacturing was terminated (Jones 805-6). The first female cabinet member in American history, Frances Perkins, was appointed the Secretary of Labor (Jones 802). She was one of the few women in her time to gain equality in a male-dominated society. For most women, liberation was a bitter fight usually ending in defeat. In "The Chrysanthemums," this struggle for equality is portrayed through Steinbeck's character Elisa Allen. According to Stanley Renner, "The Chrysanthemums" shows "a strong, capable woman kept from personal, social, and sexual fulfillment by the prevailing conception of a woman's role in a world dominated by men" (306). Elisa's appearance, actions, and speech depict the frustration w omen felt in Steinbeck's masculine world of the 1930's. "Steinbeck's world," observes Charles A. Sweet, Jr., "is a man's world, a world that frustrates even minor league women's liberationists" (214). This frustration is evident when Elisa is first introduced. Her figure is described as "blocked and heavy" because she is wearing heavy gloves, heavy shoes, a "man's black hat," and a big apron that hides her printed dress (Steinbeck 330). Her home has the masculine qualities of being "hard-swept" and hard-polished" (Steinbeck 330). Elisa is bored with her husband and with her life (McMahan 455). Obviously, Elisa is unhappy with the traditional female role and is attempti... ...et al. America and Its People: Volume Two From 1865. London: Scott, Foresman, 1989. McMahan, Elizabeth E. "'The Chrysanthemums': A Study of Woman's Sexuality." Modern Fiction Studies 14 (1968-69): 453-8. Marcus, Mordecai. "The Lost Dream of Sex and Childbirth in 'The Chrysanthemums.'" Modern Fiction Studies 11 (1965): 54-8. Osbourne, William R. "The Texts of Steinbeck's 'The Chrysanthemums.'" Modern Fiction Studies 12 (1966-67): 479-84. Renner, Stanley. "The Real Woman Inside The Fence In 'The Chrysanthemums.'" Modern Fiction Studies 31 (1985): 305-17. Steinbeck, John. "The Chrysanthemums." Literature and the Writing Process. Ed. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan Day, and Robert Funk. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1989. 330-6. Sweet, Charles A., Jr. "Ms. Elisa Allen and Steinbeck's 'The Chrysanthemums.'" Modern Fiction Studies 20 (1974): 210-14.

Family Practices Essay

Parents have the big responsibility of rearing their children in the best way they can. They have a lot of investment towards their children to bring them up in the most righteous way. Parents impart knowledge, values and even some of their known practices which they grew up with. There are so many common practices imparted to us by our parents. These practices revolve maybe on simple things such as eating together during dinner and saying a prayer before we sleep. Our family believes in the power of herbal medicine that would be able to heal our illnesses. Herbal medicines are kind of medicines that come from plants (Bupa’s Health Information Team, 2007). An herb is a plant that is commonly used because of its flavor, scent and medicinal properties. Many of these herbs are processed and are available in the market is various forms such as tablets, capsules, teas, etc. but there are still some herbal medicine that may cause threat is people’s health. Some may cause health problems and some may not interact well with other drugs (â€Å"Herbal Medicine†, 2009). The Western hemisphere has long abandoned the used of the herbal medicines due to the advancement of technology and healthcare that is able to provide a single medicine that will cure illnesses. Many people, professional and lay individuals, do not know that plants may be able to provide useful health benefits. The benefits of the plants are in the form of alternative and complementary medicines and many people consider it as irrelevant part of folk times (Ernst, 2000). This nontraditional health practice has been passed on my family through generations. Not only able to preserve our family solidarity but our health as well. References Bupa’s Health Information Team. (2007, August). Herbal Medicine. Bupa. Retrieved January 20, 2009 from http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/herbal_medicine.html. Ernst, E. (2000). Herbal Medicine: A Concise Overview for Professionals. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Herbal Medicine. (2009, January 13). Medline Plus. Retrieved January 20, 2009 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbalmedicine.html.

Professional Preparation And Credentials Marriage,...

Professional Preparation and Credentials: Marriage, Couple and Family Counseling Nataly Gomez Walden University Abstract Professional counselors with the expertise in marriage, couple, and family counseling have certain standards to go by in order to become a licensure counselor. The CACREP is both a process and a status, it is a guide with specific standards to help with the preparation of becoming a licensure counselor. In order to become a counselor, there are certain levels of education and training to become professionally prepared. There are certain requirements depending on the state in which the counselor intends to practice. There might be some challenges in obtaining licensure but with the guidelines and procedures in the CACREP, it is going to help prepare counselors to learn how to reflect the needs of society. Additional professional credentials are going to help increase their credibility. This paper is to analyze the professional preparation and credentials in becoming a professional counselor with an expertise in marriage, couple, and family counseling. Professional Preparation and Credentials â€Å"Counseling is a collaborative effort between the counselor and client. Professional counselors help clients identify goals and potential solutions to problems to improve communication and coping skills; strengthen self-esteem; and promote behavior change and ideal mental health† (American Counseling Association, 2013). InShow MoreRelatedSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 Pages. Relationship to the Ordained Minister .................................... Conduct of Church Services ..................................................... Baptismal Service ..................................................................... Marriage Ceremony ................................................................. To Cooperate With the Conference/Mission/Field ................... 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